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#Pliny

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A #sundial is a device that indicates time by using a light spot or shadow cast by the position of the #Sun on a reference scale.
The earliest household #clocks known, from the archaeological finds, are the sundials (1500 BCE) in Ancient #Egypt and ancient Babylonian astronomy.
The #ancient #Greeks developed many of the principles and forms of the sundial. Sundials are believed to have been introduced into #Greece by Anaximander of Miletus, c. 560 BCE.
The #Romans adopted the Greek sundials, and the first record of a sundial in #Rome is in 293 BCE according to #Pliny.

📷 A Roman period sundial of the Greek hemispherical type.
This file is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en
Author: Mark Cartwright
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@fmhilton

There's important context missing in this article. It wasn't Pliny the Younger himself who was "accused" of getting the date of Vesuvius' eruption wrong - after all, he was close and his uncle died.
However, we don't have his original letters. Like other texts from antiquity, it was preserved because it was copied over centuries.
And when people copy texts, they make mistakes. Often, editors of ancient texts have to work with several medieval manuscripts that differ in several ways and must then decide on a version they think is closest to the original text, which is then published.
In the case of this famous letter, the text edition said "nonum kal. septembres" (nine days before the Kalendae of September = August 24th) but when archaeological findings gave hints on a later date, classics researchers started to wonder whether someone in the Middle Ages had made a copying mistakes - after all, that mistake would only need 3-4 letters to be different (for instance, december instead of september). That's where this theory comes from. Researches have always assumed that Pliny himself knew the correct date, for obvious reasons.

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@pliny Loving these posts. Love how "...a sailor" is transmuted into "Celebrities." Something important is revealed about AI, about clickbait, about consumerism, about "The World," about intellectual history, about Pliny (love being able to read and ponder shards of that scholar's output in minimal increments). #Pliny #clickbait #text #language #AI #culture #celebrities #celebrityculture #consumerism #language #philosophy #history #science #historyofscience #eclipse #moon