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#History #Minnesota #Weather

The Year Without a Winter: 1877-78

For over 145 years, the meteorological winter of 1877-78 (December through February) has stood as the warmest on record in the Twin Cities, with December of 1877 so outrageously warm that its records had seemed untouchable.

December-February of 1877-78 had an average temperature of 29 degrees F in the Twin Cities.

The winter of 1877-78 while warmest of record at Minneapolis-St. Paul, was not a dry winter.

#ConcentrationCamps #history #WWII #genocide #OccupiedPalestine

"The Buchenwald concentration camp was one of the largest on German soil. It was liberated on April 11, 1945 by US soldiers.

Concentration camp survivors were among several hundred guests attending theBuchenwald commemoration event on Sunday, April 6.

In the run-up a conflict emerged between the organizers and the Israeli embassy. Bowing to pressure from the Israeli ambassador, the organizers revoked the invitation of German-Israeli philosopher Omri Boehm to speak at the event. Boehm, the grandson of Holocaust survivors, has been critical of the Israeli government.

The final part of Sunday's commemoration event saw a young participant from a youth project speak about the lessons to be learned from Buchenwald — and about the need to speak out about injustice today, going on to say 'what are we waiting for? People are dying in Ukraine in a war, people are dying in Palestine in a genocide.'

Memorial director Jens-Christian Wagner responded that should be possible to mourn those who were innocently killed there — but that in his view to speak of a 'genocide', especially at a commemoration in Buchenwald, was not appropriate.

(. . .)

By April 1945, around 56,000 people, mainly Jews, had been killed in Buchenwald. It was not until World War II was nearing its end in Europe that liberation finally arrived. When the first US Army tanks approached the concentration camp on April 11, 1945, determined prisoners began to rebel and stopped many soldiers from the SS guard detail from fleeing.

After the end of the war, Thuringia became part of the Soviet-occupied part of Germany. The Soviets soon started using the Buchenwald site as one of their 'special camps,' where they mostly held local Nazi leaders, police personnel or owners of businesses that had used forced labor. It is believed that 7,000 more people had died there by 1950."

dw.com/en/buchenwald-a-warning

People holding umbrellas walk in the rain up the entrance to Buchenwald concentration camp.
Deutsche Welle · Buchenwald: A warning against the dangers of extremismBy Christoph Strack

Hey .. genealogists and historians! Do you create print books of your research .. either for friends/family or possibly larger distribution? I'm curious what tools you use. I've been in tech publishing for 30+ years, and the few books I've published, I used Adobe FrameMaker. It is really the best "old-school" tool for making "real" books (frontmatter, toc, lists, index, footnotes, etc). I'm working on a new (mostly free) workflow. (cont)

#EdithPiaf #history #WWII #France

"But even though these stories hold their own specific allure, there is one overarching era of her life that was not only definitive to the rest of her career, but to the history of the world. It revolved around the Second World War. As soldiers went off to fight and defend their countries from the oncoming Nazi invasion, it was the job of entertainers like Piaf to often cajole the troops, but in her case, this seemingly took quite a different tack.

The trouble with her life story being as elusive as it was is that details are scant, and we have to base our judgments solely on allegations, so there is no way of definitively getting to the heart of the matter. But nevertheless, the singer was accused of being an integral cog in a force of French resistance by helping to set captives from her native country free. But how exactly did she achieve this? By singing to them, of course.

Well, it’s not quite as straightforward as this, but it was the essence of the idea. Legend has it that Piaf, while touring prisoner of war camps during the German occupation of France in 1944, had a hand in setting a selection of the captives free through a series of covert moves in the midst of her performances.

Some say this could have been in the region of hundreds or even thousands of prisoners, but it is clear by now that there is little chance of ever discerning a definitive truth. Allegedly, the singer would pose with prisoners for photographs after her concerts had ended, as part of an elaborate scheme in which the pictures would then be developed and blown up to feature only the captives’ faces, and thus used to create falsified travel documents to aid their escape.

The rumour was so hot that it landed Piaf in front of the épuration légale, in other words, a purge trial following the conclusion of the war and the fall of the Vichy regime in France, in which she was formally accused of the supposed crime and allegedly blacklisted from being played on radio stations for a short time. However, soon after the trial, Piaf returned to the performing circuit undeterred, and it certainly did the prospects of her career no harm.

Going on to the most prolific part of her tenure in the years that followed, it’s clear that Piaf was the true original blueprint for what it means to be an elusive star. Indeed, her status almost seems to be at odds with each other in every aspect; how can we know so relatively little about someone so culturally revered, and for the truth of her story to remain so mired in mystery, even to this day? It was perhaps this elusive illusion that has kept her enigmatic enthral alive far longer than the woman herself.

faroutmagazine.co.uk/how-edith

Far Out Magazine · How Édith Piaf seemingly freed prisoners from the NazisÉdith Piaf is a totally mysterious star, exemplified in the alleged tale in which she seemingly freed war prisoners from Nazi camps in an elaborate plan.